Mental Illness

Mental illness is a broad term encompassing a range of mental health conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior. In Australia, nearly half of all people will experience a mental health condition in their lifetime, with anxiety disorders being the most common. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, around 20% of Australians aged 16-85 experience a mental disorder in any given year. Globally, mental health conditions affect over 970 million people, with depression and anxiety disorders being the leading causes of disability. These conditions can impact individuals' daily lives, relationships, and overall well-being, making mental health a priority for public health initiatives.

• Mental health is a key component of overall health and wellbeing (WHO 2021).

• A mental illness is defined as a clinically diagnosable disorder that significantly interferes with a person’s cognitive, emotional, or social abilities (COAG Health Council 2017).

• A person does not need to meet the criteria for a mental illness to be negatively affected by their mental health (COAG Health Council 2017; Slade et al. 2009).

According to the 2020–2022 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHW), the prevalence of mental illness in Australia is significant:

• 8.5 million Australians (43% of the population aged 16-85) have experienced a mental illness at some point in their life.

• 4.3 million Australians (22% of the population aged 16-85) experienced a mental illness in the previous 12 months.

• The most common mental illnesses include:

• Anxiety disorders (3.4 million people, or 17% of the population)
• Affective disorders (1.5 million, or 8%)
• Substance use disorders (650,000, or 3%) (ABS 2023a).

Types of Mental Illness

1. Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear, worry, and nervousness that can interfere with daily activities. Common types include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. People with anxiety disorders often experience physical symptoms like a racing heart, sweating, and trembling.

2. Mood Disorders: Mood disorders primarily affect a person’s emotional state, causing prolonged periods of intense sadness or extreme mood swings. Depression and bipolar disorder are the most common mood disorders. Depression involves persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Bipolar disorder causes extreme mood changes, from depressive lows to manic highs.

3. Psychotic Disorders: Psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, are characterized by distorted thinking, hallucinations, delusions, and impaired perceptions of reality. These symptoms can severely impact daily functioning and relationships.

4. Personality Disorders: These disorders affect how individuals perceive and relate to themselves and others. Conditions include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Symptoms often include difficulty in maintaining relationships and regulating emotions.

5. Eating Disorders: Eating disorders involve unhealthy eating habits and preoccupations with body image. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder are common types. These disorders can lead to severe physical and psychological complications.

6. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: These conditions involve recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Examples include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder.

7. Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders: These conditions result from experiencing or witnessing traumatic events. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-known example, causing flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety.

The Role of Herbal Ingredients in Supporting Mental Well-being

Herbal ingredients have been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda, to support mental health and overall well-being. While herbal supplements cannot cure mental illnesses, they can help manage symptoms and promote relaxation and resilience. It is essential to use these remedies under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.

1. Brahmi (Bacopa Monnieri): Brahmi is an adaptogenic herb known for its ability to support cognitive function and reduce stress. It helps improve memory, concentration, and focus. Regular use of Brahmi may also alleviate symptoms of anxiety and mild depression by supporting brain health.

2. Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera): Ashwagandha is an adaptogen that helps the body adapt to stress and promotes emotional balance. It supports mood stability, reduces anxiety, and improves energy levels. Studies have shown that Ashwagandha can reduce cortisol levels, the stress hormone, and support mental clarity.

3. Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi): Jatamansi is known for its calming properties and is often used to manage stress, anxiety, and insomnia. It helps relax the nervous system, promoting restful sleep and emotional stability.

4. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis): Shankhpushpi has been used traditionally to enhance cognitive function, reduce stress, and support mental clarity. It acts as a brain tonic and promotes relaxation, making it beneficial for those experiencing mental fatigue.

5. Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica): Gotu Kola is renowned for its brain-boosting properties. It supports mental clarity, reduces anxiety, and enhances memory. It is also known to improve circulation, which can benefit overall brain function.

Integrating Herbs into a Holistic Approach

Incorporating herbal ingredients into a mental health management plan requires a holistic approach. This may include lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, meditation, and sufficient sleep. Mindfulness practices and breathing exercises can help reduce stress and improve emotional resilience.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional before starting any herbal supplement, especially for individuals already taking medications or dealing with chronic conditions. Combining herbs with conventional treatments can enhance the effectiveness of mental health management plans.

Conclusion

Mental illness is a complex and multifaceted challenge affecting millions of people in Australia and worldwide. While conventional treatments, including therapy and medications, play a crucial role in managing mental health, herbal ingredients like Brahmi, Ashwagandha, Jatamansi, Shankhpushpi, and Gotu Kola can provide valuable support. By adopting a holistic approach to mental well-being, individuals can effectively manage stress, enhance cognitive function, and promote emotional balance. It is vital to seek professional guidance and tailor the approach to individual needs, ensuring safe and effective support for mental health challenges.

References

• ABS (2023a) National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, ABS, Australian Government, accessed 10 January 2024.

• ABS (2023b) National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing methodology, ABS, Australian Government, accessed 10 January 2024.

• COAG Health Council (2017) The Fifth National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Plan, Department of Health, Canberra, accessed 10 January 2024.

• WHO (2021) Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030, WHO, Geneva, accessed 10 January 2024.

• Slade et al. (2009) The Mental Health of Australians 2, Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, accessed 10 January 2024.

• Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (2011) Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I (Single Drugs), Vol. VIII, Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, accessed 10 January 2024.